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In the context of electroanalytical chemistry, the terms cathode, cathodic current, and reduction are closely related. A cathodic current is the flow of electrical charge (usually carried by electrons) out of a working electrode into a second phase (usually an electrolyte solution) leading to the reduction of one or more species in the second phase.…

In an electrochemical cell, there are at least two (and often more) electrodes which provide a pathway for charge to flow into and out of the cell. This flow of charge through an electrochemical cell causes (or is the result of) oxidation and reduction of various chemical species located within the cell. In a simple…

A banana cable is a type of patch connector which is very useful for making connections between electrochemical equipment, electrochemical cells, and other electronic instrumentation.   A typical banana cable is a length of insulated single conductor cable terminated on both ends with a male banana connector called a banana plug. Banana plugs (male) fit…

In an electrochemical cell, there are at least two (and often more) electrodes which provide a pathway for charge to flow into and out of the cell. This flow of charge through an electrochemical cell causes (or is the result of) oxidation and reduction of various chemical species located within the cell.   In a…

Banana connectors are commonly used to make simple and quick connections between scientific instruments. Patch cables terminated with banana plugs (male) fit into banana jacks (female) on instrument panels. The conductive metal portion of the banana plug is about an inch long and bulges slightly to provide a secure mechanical fit when inserted into a…

In the context of electroanalytical chemistry, the terms anode, anodic current, and oxidation are closely related. An anodic current is the flow of electrical charge (usually carried by electrons) into a working electrode from a second phase (usually an electrolyte solution) as a result of the oxidation of one or more species in the second…

Many of the more advanced controls for your personal computer are located on the Windows Control Panel. The location and appearance of the Windows Control panel often changes which each release of the Windows Operating System. This article describes how to find the Control Panel on a standard Microsoft Windows XP system. The Control Panel…

The Windows Device Manager allows you to visualize the status of all the various hardware components of your personal computer or laptop. The Device Manager maintains a list of all active hardware devices, sorted by category.

These days, your personal computer's operating system is in a constant state of flux. Patches, security fixes, and enhanced features are added to the operating system frequently. To keep your system up to date and secure, it is a good idea to periodically run the Windows Update utility and download the latest and greatest fixes…

The Windows Add/Remove Programs applet is found on the Control Panel.