{"id":31848,"date":"2019-05-20T12:56:16","date_gmt":"2019-05-20T16:56:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pineresearch.com\/dev\/shop\/?post_type=product&#038;p=31848"},"modified":"2019-09-03T17:34:08","modified_gmt":"2019-09-03T21:34:08","slug":"four-channel-headstage-kit-1","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pineresearch.com\/dev\/shop\/products\/neuroelectrochemistry\/headstage-products\/four-channel-headstage\/four-channel-headstage-kit-1\/","title":{"rendered":"WaveNeuro Four Channel Headstage Kit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>With the WaveNeuro Four Channel Headstage Kit, users can more conveniently connect up to four working electrodes to a single headstage.\u00a0 To make this possible, the Four Channel Headstage Kit includes an adapter board, to which a special interface cable and four-channel headstage cable connects.\u00a0 Terminating this assembly are the four-channel headstage-to-microelectrode coupler wires, which includes sockets for four working electrodes (Yellow, Red, Blue, and Green) and one reference electrode (White).<\/p>\n<p>The Four Channel Headstage Kit finds application in several areas, yet to be fully realized by the FSCV research community:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Easy throughput. Deliver the same waveform to four channels simultaneously, and measure current at each channel independently.\u00a0 In this case, you might install the electrodes into the same region of the brain, same tissue, or same flow cell and gain n=4 with a single experiment.<\/li>\n<li>Multiple analytes.\u00a0 Imagine measuring multiple analytes in your system simultaneously.\u00a0 Look at dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, and other molecules simultaneously &#8211; simply apply the appropriate waveform to each channel independently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The FSCV community has yet to release seminal papers on the topic of multichannel FSCV.\u00a0 Pine Research hopes to promote the growth of FSCV into this area by providing a well-designed commercial solution for those needing multichannel FSCV.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pine Research currently offers working driven headstage amplifiers. \u00a0In a working driven system, the reference electrode is grounded. \u00a0The FSCV potential waveform (ramp) is\u00a0connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, while the working electrode is connected to the inverting input. \u00a0In this arrangement, the voltage at the microelectrode will follow the ramp applied to the inverting input. [1]\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"wpcmsdev-alert color-red has-icon\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\"><\/i><\/p>\n<div class=\"alert-content\">\n<p>Even when no electrodes are connected (connector just in air) to the headstage amplifier cable, which is connected to the WaveNeuro, <strong>HDCV will show a current response that follows the applied waveform<\/strong>. \u00a0As described below, this is expected.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this two-electrode configuration, current arising from electron-transfer reactions, such as the oxidation of dopamine, passes between reference and working electrodes. \u00a0The measured current passes through the headstage amplifer, where it is converted to voltage, and sums with the the ramp voltage at the inverting input. Mathematically,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=V_O%3D-%28i_%7Bin%7D%5Ctimes+R_F%29%2BV_R&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"V_O=-(i_{in}&#92;times R_F)+V_R\" class=\"latex\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">where <img src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=V_O&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"V_O\" class=\"latex\" \/> is the output voltage, <img src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=i_%7Bin%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"i_{in}\" class=\"latex\" \/> is input current, <img src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=R_F&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"R_F\" class=\"latex\" \/> is feedback resistor (gain), and <img src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=V_R&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"V_R\" class=\"latex\" \/> is the CV ramp voltage. \u00a0By rearrangement, the signal voltage (proportional to the current across the <img src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=5%5C%3A+M%5COmega&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"5&#92;: M&#92;Omega\" class=\"latex\" \/> feedback resistor in the <img src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=200%5C%3AnA%2FV&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"200&#92;:nA\/V\" class=\"latex\" \/> headstage) is then<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%28V_R-V_O%29%3Di_%7Bin%7D%5Ctimes+R_F%3DV_%7Bsignal%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"(V_R-V_O)=i_{in}&#92;times R_F=V_{signal}\" class=\"latex\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">HDCV software, which supports the WaveNeuro FSCV Potentiostat system, performs software subtraction of the ramp according to this relationship, resulting in only the true differential current measurement.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">1. Takmakov, P.; McKinney, C. J.; Carelli, R. M.; Wightman, R. M. Instrumentation for Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Combined with Electrophysiology for Behavioral Experiments in Freely Moving Animals. <em>Rev. Sci. Instrum.<\/em> <strong>2011<\/strong>, <em>82<\/em>, 74302.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wpcmsdev-call-to-action layout-vertical color-violet\">\n<div class=\"call-to-action-content\">\n<p>R.M. Wightman et. al. have reported on this topic in depth \u00a0 If, after reviewing this document, you have any questions about our neuroelectrochemical research products, please do not hesitate to <a href=\"https:\/\/pineresearch.com\/dev\/shop\/contact\/\">contact us<\/a>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"call-to-action-button\"><a class=\"wpcmsdev-button color-violet\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3160449\/\"><span><i class=\"wpcmsdev-icon fa fa-link\"><\/i>  Review Journal Article<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Expand your FSCV capabilities with our new four-channel headstage kit.\u00a0 Pine Research released the WaveNeuro Four in 2018 and until now, users would have to use four individual headstage cable kits, each having their own headstage amplifier and electrode connections.\u00a0 The new Four-Channel Headstage Kit solves this issue by providing a single headstage that accommodates up to four channels simultaneously to a common reference electrode.\u00a0 The features of this new product include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Up to four working electrode channels, each color coded<\/li>\n<li>All four channels have the same gain, 200 nA\/V (5 M\u03a9)<\/li>\n<li>Simple connections &#8211; only one cable from WaveNeuro Four to terminal electrodes<\/li>\n<li>Novel piecewise design &#8211; identify issues and replace individual components as needed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":31862,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false},"product_cat":[1281],"product_tag":[471,528,1285,1286,1287],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pineresearch.com\/dev\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/31848"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pineresearch.com\/dev\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pineresearch.com\/dev\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pineresearch.com\/dev\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31848"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pineresearch.com\/dev\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pineresearch.com\/dev\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pineresearch.com\/dev\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=31848"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pineresearch.com\/dev\/shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=31848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}