Category Archives: Knowledgebase

The WaveDriver 200 Bipotentiostat with EIS is an affordable benchtop potentiostat/galvanostat system capable of performing a wide variety of traditional single working electrode methods.  The WaveDriver 200 Bipotentiostat with EIS is a robust single channel potentiostat, with an impressive current range from ±100 nA up to ±1 A, advanced input, output, and waveform filters, and  iR compensation.  The WaveDriver 200 Bipotentiostat with EIS connects to your laptop or PC via a standard USB cable and is controlled by our power AfterMath^TM Data Organizer software application.  Rear panel connections allow rotation rate control when using rotating disk, cylinder, or ring-disk electrodes.  Additional connections for analog input/output and synchronized timing permit the WaveDriver to be used in conjunction with other instruments.

Affordable.  Take a look around at similar potentiostat/galvanostat systems and you will have a difficult time finding one with comparable specs and capabilities at the same modest price point.  Pine Research strives to bring you cost-effective electrochemical instrumentation.  The WaveDriver 10 also includes a four option dummy cell for calibration checking and instrument function testing, at no additional cost.

Versatile.  Capable of performing up to 38 different techniques, the WaveDriver 10 is an all-around performer.  It finds use in academic and industrial research around the world.  Unlike many of its peers, the WaveDriver 10 was built to perform a little bit of everything and without added cost of different software “upgrades.”

Capable. Designed with the everyday user in mind, the specifications for the WaveDriver 200 Bipotentiostat with EIS potentiostat is broad enough to permit you to perform a wide range of routine electrochemical techniques but also prudently chosen to allow for a simple and affordable design. Popular and common techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, bulk electrolysis, differential pulse voltammetry, square wave and pulse voltammetry, battery charge/discharge sequences, corrosion-based analysis such as linear polarization resistance, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry are easily configured and executed using our AfterMath software package.  Perform your EIS-based experiments with this system – potentiostat and galvanostatic EIS with fitting software included!

The WaveDriver 40 is an affordable benchtop potentiostat/galvanostat system capable of performing a wide variety of traditional single working electrode methods.  The WaveDriver 40 is a robust single channel potentiostat, with an impressive current range from ±100 nA up to ±1 A, advanced input, output, and waveform filters, and  iR compensation.  The WaveDriver 40 connects to your laptop or PC via a standard USB cable and is controlled by our power AfterMath^TM Data Organizer software application.  Rear panel connections allow rotation rate control when using rotating disk, cylinder, or ring-disk electrodes.  Additional connections for analog input/output and synchronized timing permit the WaveDriver to be used in conjunction with other instruments.

Affordable.  Take a look around at similar potentiostat/galvanostat systems and you will have a difficult time finding one with comparable specs and capabilities at the same modest price point.  Pine Research strives to bring you cost-effective electrochemical instrumentation.  The WaveDriver 40 also includes a four option dummy cell for calibration checking and instrument function testing, at no additional cost.

Versatile.  Capable of performing up to 38 different techniques, the WaveDriver 40 is an all-around performer.  It finds use in academic and industrial research around the world.  Unlike many of its peers, the WaveDriver 10 was built to perform a little bit of everything and without added cost of different software “upgrades.”

Capable. Designed with the everyday user in mind, the specifications for the WaveDriver 10 potentiostat is broad enough to permit you to perform a wide range of routine electrochemical techniques but also prudently chosen to allow for a simple and affordable design. Popular and common techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, bulk electrolysis, differential pulse voltammetry, square wave and pulse voltammetry, battery charge/discharge sequences, corrosion-based analysis such as linear polarization resistance, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry are easily configured and executed using our AfterMath software package.

The WaveNeuro Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV) Potentiostat System is a unique electrochemical instrument you will not find from other traditional electrochemical suppliers.  We are excited to bring high quality, regularly available, and uniquely designed neuroelectrochemical research products to you.  Designed by FSCV scientists for FSCV scientists, the WaveNeuro is well-designed, of high quality construction, and supported by a company dedicated to supporting the instrument, as well as you the researcher.  The WaveNeuro seeks to fill the gap that exists for commercial fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) systems.

The WaveNeuro Potentiostat was designed for the scientist (neuroscientist, psychologist, physician, chemist, biologist, etc.) who seeks to study the link between the brain chemistry of electroactive species (such as monoamines, catecholamines like dopamine and serotonin, oxygen, peroxide, etc.) and physiology (such as structure, function, disease, neural transmission, etc.) and behavior (such as addiction, impulsivity, decision-making, etc.).  Microdialysis, still a technique used in the field, can provide high spatial resolution for detection of these chemical species but offers poor temporal resolution.  FSCV, as a technique, provides both high spatial and high temporal resolution.  Coupled with carbon fiber microelectrodes, FSCV provides a well-established platform for in-vivo and in-vitro experimentation.

Traditionally, the products and instrumentation required to perform FSCV have only been available through scientific connections with developing laboratories.  As the technique has grown in popularity, due in part to its relative ease of use, the availability of instrumentation has not followed the same trend.  We are excited to bring such FSCV instrumentation to the market, thereby providing the robust technical, service, and sales support you have come to expect in the field of research instrumentation.

The WaveNeuro seeks to fill the gap that exists for commercial FSCV systems by providing systems with many novel features, such as:

• After official release, we will strive to have items in stock and ready to ship! Who can wait 8 weeks or more when your research productivity is on the line?
• A system that breaks from the past, with an overall updated design, including: a “breakout box” built into and included with the WaveNeuro, intuitive and clearly-labeled connectors, in a small dimensional footprint.
• Built for flexibility – includes behavioral input mapping to digital and analog input/output connections.
• Designed with Pine Research modular headstage cable design, preventing that “pile of unknown headstage/cables” that so many labs make over time.

Pine Research currently offers working driven headstage amplifiers.  In a working driven system, the reference electrode is grounded.  The FSCV potential waveform (ramp) is connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, while the working electrode is connected to the inverting input.  In this arrangement, the voltage at the microelectrode will follow the ramp applied to the inverting input.¹

In this two-electrode configuration, current arising from electron-transfer reactions, such as the oxidation of dopamine, passes between reference and working electrodes.  The measured current passes through the headstage amplifer, where it is converted to voltage, and sums with the the ramp voltage at the inverting input. Mathematically,

where is the output voltage, is input current, is feedback resistor (gain), and is the CV ramp voltage.  By rearrangement, the signal voltage (proportional to the current across the feedback resistor in the headstage) is then

HDCV software, which supports the WaveNeuro FSCV Potentiostat system, performs software subtraction of the ramp according to this relationship, resulting in only the true differential current measurement.¹

1. Takmakov, P.; McKinney, C. J.; Carelli, R. M.; Wightman, R. M. Instrumentation for Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Combined with Electrophysiology for Behavioral Experiments in Freely Moving Animals. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2011, 82, 74302.

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The WaveNow Potentiostat/Galvanostat breaks with the past, replacing traditional stationary benchtop instruments with lightweight, portable and powerful alternatives. Weighing less than 200 grams, the WaveNow series potentiostat system features a convenient USB interface, a fully functional potentiostat and galvanostat, and our powerful AfterMath^TM instrument control and data analysis software.

Portable. Only 30 mm thick and less than 175 mm long, the WaveNow series potentiostats are the ultimate portable instruments. Small enough to fit into your laptop’s tote bag, your carry-on luggage, or your coat pocket, the WaveNow series lets you take your potentiostat to your work area rather than having to move your work area to your potentiostat. An optional battery pack lets you take your instrument into the field when needed.

Affordable. At a fraction of the cost of other potentiostat systems, the WaveNow series gives you exactly what you need without breaking your budget. The system is affordable enough that you can easily purchase two of them at the same time. And if you are outfitting your entire lab with potentiostats, please be sure to contact us for a special quantity discount quote.

Capable. Designed with the everyday user in mind, the specifications for the WaveNow series potentiostats are broad enough to permit you to perform a wide range of routine electrochemical techniques but also prudently chosen to allow for a simple and affordable design. Popular and common techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, bulk electrolysis, differential pulse voltammetry, square wave and pulse voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry are easily configured and executed using our AfterMath software package.

The WaveDriver 10 is an affordable benchtop potentiostat/galvanostat system capable of performing a wide variety of traditional single working electrode methods.  The WaveDriver 10 is a robust single channel potentiostat, with an impressive current range from ±100 nA up to ±1 A, advanced input, output, and waveform filters, and  iR compensation.  The WaveDriver 10 connects to your laptop or PC via a standard USB cable and is controlled by our power AfterMath^TM Data Organizer software application.  Rear panel connections allow rotation rate control when using rotating disk, cylinder, or ring-disk electrodes.  Additional connections for analog input/output and synchronized timing permit the WaveDriver to be used in conjunction with other instruments.

Affordable.  Take a look around at similar potentiostat/galvanostat systems and you will have a difficult time finding one with comparable specs and capabilities at the same modest price point.  Pine Research strives to bring you cost-effective electrochemical instrumentation.  The WaveDriver 10 also includes a four option dummy cell for calibration checking and instrument function testing, at no additional cost.

Versatile.  Capable of performing up to 38 different techniques, the WaveDriver 10 is an all-around performer.  It finds use in academic and industrial research around the world.  Unlike many of its peers, the WaveDriver 10 was built to perform a little bit of everything and without added cost of different software “upgrades.”

Capable. Designed with the everyday user in mind, the specifications for the WaveDriver 10 potentiostat is broad enough to permit you to perform a wide range of routine electrochemical techniques but also prudently chosen to allow for a simple and affordable design. Popular and common techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, bulk electrolysis, differential pulse voltammetry, square wave and pulse voltammetry, battery charge/discharge sequences, corrosion-based analysis such as linear polarization resistance, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry are easily configured and executed using our AfterMath software package.

The Pine Research AFMSRCE rotator is an electrochemical measuring instrument often used for fundamental research on battery and fuel cell materials.  This measuring instrument bears the CE Mark and ETL Mark and is intended for use with most international power configuration standards. As the most recent addition to our popular electrode rotator family, the AFMSRCE may be used with Rotating Disk Electrodes (RDE), Rotating Ring-Disk Electrodes (RRDE), and Rotating Cylinder Electrodes (RCE).

The rotation rate of the electrode may be read from the LCD display on the front panel, and the rate may be adjusted using the knob located just below this display . The rotation rate is adjustable over a range from 50 to 10,000 RPM and is accurate to within 1% of the reading on the display. A voltage output signal that is proportional to the rotation rate is available on the front panel. This signal may be used to monitor the rotation rate using an external voltmeter or data acquisition system.

If desired, the rotation rate may be controlled by applying an input signal to a pair of banana jacks on the front panel. This allows the rotation rate to be modulated by a sine wave, square wave, or other externally generated waveform. The outstanding acceleration characteristics of the system allow the rotation rate to follow the input signal with very little error. This feature is particularly desirable for hydrodynamically modulated voltammetry.

The rotator motor unit is easily raised or lowered with respect to the cell platform, making immersion or removal of the rotating electrode tip quick and easy. The enclosure base is made from chemically resistant polypropylene, and the large enclosure window provides a good view of rotating electrode during operation.  (A smaller base is available separately for use in mounting the rotator in a glove box or fume hood.)

Electrode connections are made to the rotating shaft using silver-carbon brushes. There are two pairs of contacts – the red pair is for the disk, and the blue pair is for the ring.

Pine Reasearch offers a wide range of standard rotating electrodes for use with this rotator. If you need a custom electrode design, contact us and we will make every effort to fashion an electrode to meet your specific needs.

The Pine Research AFMSRCE is compatible with most international power standards (100 to 240 VAC, ±10%, 50 or 60 Hz, 2 Amps), and power cords are sold separately.

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